Photography, as a form of visual art, is deeply influenced by the principles of art and design. These principles can guide photographers to create more dynamic and visually impactful images. While a basic understanding of these concepts may seem abstract at first, once you integrate them into your photographic practice, you can significantly elevate your work and push your creative boundaries.
In this article, we’ll dive into the seven principles of art and design and explore how they can be applied to photography. Whether you're an amateur photographer just starting out or an experienced professional, understanding and using these principles will help you enhance your compositions and make your photos more captivating.
What Are the Seven Principles of Art and Design?
The seven principles of art and design—balance, rhythm, pattern, emphasis, contrast, unity, and movement—serve as foundational concepts that artists and photographers use to structure their compositions. They are tools that help create a more engaging, dynamic, and aesthetically pleasing visual experience.
Alongside these principles, there are elements of design like line, shape, form, space, color, texture, and value. These elements are the building blocks used in any visual composition. The principles, on the other hand, govern how these elements are arranged to create a unified and effective image.
Now, let's explore how each of these principles can be applied in photography to improve your work.
Achieving Balance in Your Photos: Understanding the Three Key Types of Balance
Balance in photography is a foundational concept that plays a crucial role in determining the overall harmony and structure of an image. When you compose a photograph, balance helps to organize the elements within the frame, ensuring that the viewer’s eye is naturally guided around the image. A well-balanced photo can evoke feelings of calm, stability, or even excitement, depending on how the balance is achieved. Achieving the right balance in your photos ensures that no part of the image feels overwhelming or neglected.
In this section, we’ll explore the three primary types of balance used in photography: symmetrical balance, asymmetrical balance, and radial balance. Understanding these concepts and applying them effectively can elevate your photos, making them more visually engaging and dynamic.
Symmetrical Balance: Harmony and Order
Symmetry is a powerful tool in photography that can immediately create a sense of order and calm. Symmetrical balance occurs when the two sides of the image are mirror images of each other, either along a horizontal or vertical axis. This type of balance is often associated with stability, calm, and harmony, making it perfect for subjects that convey a sense of formality, like architecture or formal landscapes.
Symmetrical balance is often seen in architectural photography, where buildings or structures have a clear, mirror-like quality. For instance, a photo of a grand building taken from directly in front might reveal the symmetry of the columns, windows, and doors, creating a visually pleasing and balanced composition. Reflections in water also provide a natural example of symmetrical balance, where the mirrored surface creates a perfect match with the scene above it. This kind of balance can also be applied in nature photography, such as a landscape where the horizon divides the frame evenly, creating a harmonious and balanced effect.
The primary appeal of symmetrical balance lies in its ability to create predictability and comfort for the viewer. It’s an effective approach when you want your audience to experience calmness or to emphasize the importance of the subject in the frame. The sense of order in the composition can also convey stability, suggesting that the subject is solid and unchanging.
Asymmetrical Balance: Energy and Visual Interest
While symmetrical balance creates harmony, asymmetrical balance injects energy and dynamism into your photos. Asymmetry involves balancing contrasting elements in the composition to create visual interest without relying on perfect mirroring. The key to asymmetrical balance is using visual weight—larger objects or more prominent elements can be balanced by smaller objects or negative space placed in the opposite part of the frame.
One common technique for achieving asymmetry is the use of contrast between light and dark elements or between smooth and textured surfaces. For instance, a photo of a large, dark rock on one side of the frame could be balanced by the bright, airy sky or a small, lighter object on the other side. In this case, the visual weight of the dark rock is counteracted by the lighter area, creating balance even though the two sides are not identical.
Asymmetrical balance can also be used to create a sense of movement or tension in a photo. A subject placed off-center can lead the viewer’s eye across the image, directing attention to other areas and creating a dynamic flow. This technique is often seen in street photography or action shots, where a sense of activity is important. A moving subject, such as a person running or a car speeding by, placed on one side of the frame, can create an asymmetrical composition that feels more energetic and alive.
The advantage of asymmetrical balance is that it allows you to break away from the rigid structure of symmetrical compositions, offering more room for creativity and expression. It encourages photographers to think outside the box and explore unconventional placements of elements within the frame. Asymmetry can evoke feelings of tension, surprise, or excitement, depending on how the elements are arranged.
Radial Balance: Focus and Unity
Radial balance is a unique type of balance in which the visual elements of the image radiate outwards from a central point. This type of balance creates a strong sense of unity and focus, as the viewer’s eye is naturally drawn toward the center of the composition. Radial balance is often used in nature photography, where subjects like flowers or trees radiate outward from a central stem or trunk. Similarly, circular objects such as fountains, wheels, or spirals naturally lend themselves to radial compositions.
One of the most compelling aspects of radial balance is its ability to create symmetry in a dynamic way. The elements in a radial composition don’t have to be perfectly identical, but they are arranged around a central point, creating a sense of unity. This principle works exceptionally well in close-up or macro photography, where the subject—like a flower, spiral shell, or a wheel—serves as the focal point, with the surrounding elements naturally extending outward.
Radial balance is also effective in photographs where you want to create a sense of depth or movement. By leading the viewer’s eye from the center outward, radial balance can convey a feeling of expansion or growth. It’s often used in images where there’s a clear point of focus, such as the sun, a flower, or a circular object like a wheel or clock. This focus draws the viewer’s attention to the center while simultaneously guiding their gaze outward to the other elements of the composition.
Achieving the Right Balance for Your Image
To achieve the best results, experiment with the three types of balance in different contexts. In some cases, symmetrical balance will be the perfect choice, especially when capturing formal subjects like architecture or calm, reflective landscapes. In other cases, asymmetry may be more appropriate to add movement or energy to the photo, especially when shooting dynamic subjects such as people or street scenes. Radial balance can be highly effective when you want to create a strong sense of unity or draw attention to the center of the frame, often seen in natural or architectural forms.
When composing your photograph, consider the type of emotional response you want to evoke in the viewer. Balance plays a critical role in guiding the viewer’s eye and setting the tone for the image. Symmetry offers calm and order, asymmetry adds tension and excitement, and radial balance creates focus and unity.
The key is to experiment and find the right balance for each individual image. Understanding how to manipulate these balance techniques allows you to create photographs that resonate with your audience and communicate your vision more clearly. As you continue practicing photography, you'll begin to intuitively sense when and how to apply each type of balance, resulting in more visually captivating and compelling photos.
Creating Rhythm in Your Photography: Bringing Flow and Energy to Your Images
Rhythm in photography is a concept borrowed from music and refers to the repetition of visual elements that guide the viewer’s eye and create a sense of movement. Just as a piece of music has a tempo that dictates its flow, rhythm in a photograph influences how the viewer's gaze moves throughout the image. This creates a dynamic, engaging experience for the viewer, making your photographs not only more visually interesting but also more compelling.
The principle of rhythm is about finding visual patterns or repetitions in your environment and using them creatively in your compositions. When done correctly, rhythm can transform an ordinary scene into a visual melody, adding depth, energy, and flow. Photographers who understand rhythm can use it to lead the viewer’s eye from one part of the image to another, directing their focus and creating a natural progression of visual information.
In this section, we’ll explore how to incorporate rhythm into your photography, discussing different types of rhythm and how they can be used to enhance the impact of your images.
Repetitive Patterns: The Foundation of Rhythm
One of the simplest and most effective ways to create rhythm in your photography is through the repetition of shapes, lines, or colors. Just like a drumbeat that repeats in music, repeated visual elements in a photograph can create a steady flow and add harmony to the image. Repetitive patterns can be found everywhere, from nature to architecture, and they are especially powerful when used in landscapes and urban photography.
For example, a row of trees in a park, evenly spaced windows on a building, or the rhythmic movement of waves on the shore can establish a clear, repeating pattern that draws the viewer's eye through the frame. These patterns naturally create a sense of rhythm and structure, guiding the viewer’s gaze across the image in a seamless flow.
Repetitive patterns are not limited to purely geometric or man-made subjects. Nature offers abundant opportunities for pattern-based rhythm. Think about the way leaves on a tree form a pattern, the undulating lines of sand dunes, or the concentric circles formed by ripples in water. These natural patterns provide an organic form of rhythm that can add life and vibrancy to your photos.
In architectural photography, repetitive patterns can be found in elements like fences, railings, tiles, and even the symmetry of staircases. Capturing these repetitions emphasizes the orderly nature of the structure and creates a visually pleasing composition.
Varying Rhythm: Adding Intrigue with Irregularity
Not all rhythm needs to be exact or predictable. In fact, some of the most interesting and engaging rhythms come from irregular or staggered patterns. This type of varying rhythm adds a level of surprise and spontaneity to your photos. Unlike repetitive patterns that create a sense of stability and predictability, varying rhythm introduces a sense of movement and change, which can make the image feel more dynamic and organic.
Imagine a series of rocks or boulders scattered along a riverbank, each one slightly off-center or at different angles. The varying placement of each rock creates a rhythm that feels more fluid and natural, guiding the viewer’s eye in a less structured but equally captivating way. Similarly, the staggered motion of a crowd in an urban setting can create an engaging rhythm, as each individual moves at a slightly different pace, contributing to a lively and dynamic scene.
Varying rhythm can also be applied in nature photography, where you might find uneven rows of trees or plants, or irregular waves breaking on a shore. These variations in rhythm can evoke a sense of movement, unpredictability, or even chaos, offering a contrast to the more orderly and predictable rhythms found in nature.
Rhythm and the Human Eye
Understanding how rhythm works in photography also involves understanding how the human eye moves across an image. Our eyes are naturally drawn to repeated patterns, and we tend to follow these visual cues as we observe a photograph. By utilizing rhythm, you can control the way the viewer’s eye travels through your image, directing them to the focal points and creating a path for them to follow.
In some cases, you might want to create a continuous flow, guiding the viewer’s eye in a smooth, rhythmic motion from one element to another. This can be particularly effective in landscape photography, where natural lines such as rivers, roads, or mountain ridges can lead the viewer’s gaze through the scene. In other instances, you might want to create an intentional stop-and-go rhythm, where the viewer’s attention is drawn to specific elements at different points in the image.
For example, in a photo of a forest path, the rhythm of trees lining the path can guide the viewer’s eyes down the trail, while the variation in tree shapes and sizes can create breaks in the flow, encouraging the viewer to pause and take in the details of the scene. This creates an engaging rhythm that allows the viewer to experience the photo in stages rather than just glancing at it all at once.
Rhythm in Action Photography
Rhythm can also be effectively used in action photography. In dynamic situations like sports or street photography, the rhythm comes from the movement of subjects within the frame. The repetition of gestures, such as the movement of athletes running, jumping, or cycling, can create a rhythmic flow in the image, adding a sense of motion and excitement.
In action shots, the rhythm of movement is particularly effective when combined with techniques like panning, which can blur the background while keeping the subject sharp. This technique emphasizes the speed and energy of the subject, creating a visual rhythm that mimics the real-world motion of the scene.
Creating Rhythm with Lines
Lines are another powerful tool for creating rhythm in photography. Lines naturally guide the viewer’s eye through the image, and when they are repeated or lead to a focal point, they can establish a clear visual path. This can be seen in the use of roads, railways, or even the lines of a building or a fence. The repetition of lines in a composition can create a rhythm that draws the viewer’s attention forward and encourages them to explore the entire image.
Diagonal lines, for example, can add a sense of energy and movement, while horizontal or vertical lines may convey stability and calmness. The strategic placement of lines in your composition can help create a rhythm that enhances the overall impact of the photograph.
Rhythm and Color
Color can also contribute to the rhythm of a photograph. Repeated color schemes or the use of complementary colors can enhance the flow of the image. For instance, if you have a series of objects with a similar color palette, the repetition of that color throughout the image can create rhythm and unity. In landscape photography, the changing colors of a sunset, or the progression of hues from a calm sea to the bright sky above, can also establish a natural rhythm in the composition.
By consciously considering the color palette and how it repeats or contrasts throughout the image, you can create an even more engaging rhythm that draws the viewer’s attention in a harmonious way.
Using Patterns to Enhance Your Composition in Photography
Patterns are a fundamental principle in photography, offering a unique and visually stimulating way to capture the viewer’s attention. The human eye is naturally drawn to repetition, and patterns create a sense of rhythm, structure, and harmony within an image. They have the ability to make an image feel more organized, visually pleasing, and engaging, by providing focal points that guide the viewer’s gaze through the composition.
In this article, we will explore how patterns can enhance your photography, provide examples from nature and architecture, and discuss how you can creatively use them to improve your photographic compositions.
What Are Patterns in Photography?
In photography, patterns refer to any form of repeated shapes, lines, or elements within a composition. Whether it is regular repetition or irregular repetition, the key is that these elements repeat in a way that is visually noticeable. Patterns can create a sense of order in an image, helping to unify the composition or create a dynamic flow.
Patterns are not limited to just geometric shapes or obvious repetitions. They can also arise from more organic or irregular sources. The beauty of patterns in photography lies in their diversity—there are many different types of patterns that you can capture, each offering its own aesthetic and emotional impact.
Natural Patterns in Photography
One of the most compelling sources of patterns is nature. The natural world is filled with intricate, repeated designs that can be captured in stunning ways. Nature patterns can evoke a sense of tranquility, harmony, and beauty, or they can offer a more abstract and striking visual experience.
1. Organic Repetitions in Nature
Some of the most visually captivating natural patterns can be found in the repetition of shapes and forms in plants and landscapes. Take, for example, the veins in the leaves of trees or the symmetry of flower petals. These organic patterns are often mesmerizing, with each line or shape being part of a larger cohesive design.
Other natural patterns can be found in the structure of sand dunes, the ripples in a calm pond, or the waves crashing on a beach. The undulating patterns in these elements evoke a sense of rhythm and movement, making them perfect subjects for pattern-based compositions.
2. Repetition in the Sky
Clouds also provide excellent opportunities for capturing patterns, with their fluid, ever-changing forms creating shapes and textures that repeat in subtle or bold ways. A sky full of clouds can create a rhythmic pattern that adds a dynamic element to landscape photography. Similarly, sunsets and sunrises often feature repetitive color gradients and textures, creating patterns that add depth and visual intrigue.
Natural patterns often carry with them a sense of peace and beauty. By framing these patterns, photographers can create images that connect with viewers on an emotional level.
Architectural Patterns in Photography
While nature is an abundant source of patterns, architecture also offers some of the most striking examples of repetition. Buildings, bridges, and other structures often feature repeating lines, shapes, and textures that lend themselves beautifully to pattern-based photography. Architectural patterns can add a sense of order, symmetry, and balance to your compositions.
1. Repetitive Elements in Buildings
In cities, the repetition of windows, columns, doors, and other elements in buildings can create visually dynamic patterns. These patterns are particularly powerful when viewed from different perspectives or angles. For example, capturing a row of windows from a low angle or shooting upward toward a skyscraper can create a striking visual rhythm that draws the viewer’s eye toward the repeating shapes.
2. Patterns in Urban Landscapes
Street grids, bridges, and even streets lined with trees can also provide excellent examples of patterns. When photographing cityscapes, look for elements that repeat across the urban landscape—whether it's the lines of a bridge, the arrangement of streetlights, or the geometric shapes formed by parked cars. Urban patterns can create a sense of rhythm, leading the viewer’s gaze in various directions across the frame.
3. Architectural Features as Focal Points
In some cases, architectural features like staircases, arches, and balconies present not only geometric patterns but also a sense of depth and structure. These features can create a beautiful interplay of light and shadow, further enhancing the pattern and adding a three-dimensional element to the composition.
Patterns in architecture are often associated with order and structure, and capturing these repeated elements helps convey a sense of balance in your images.
How to Use Patterns in Your Photography
Understanding how to incorporate patterns into your compositions is key to creating visually compelling images. Whether you're working with natural or architectural patterns, here are some tips on how to make the most out of patterns in photography:
1. Focus on Symmetry and Repetition
Look for scenes or subjects where symmetry is prominent. Repeating elements—whether in nature or man-made—create a strong visual pull. You can experiment with symmetry in both horizontal and vertical directions. Symmetry often evokes calmness and balance, making it perfect for more peaceful and tranquil images.
2. Consider the Light and Shadows
Patterns often become more dramatic and striking when light and shadows are factored in. The play of light can emphasize the repetitive shapes, creating contrast that enhances the pattern. Consider shooting during the golden hour, when the angle of light can cast long shadows that highlight the textures and forms of the pattern.
3. Use the Rule of Thirds
When composing images with patterns, you can break the rules of symmetry by placing the subject off-center. The rule of thirds can help balance the image while allowing the pattern to draw the eye naturally. For example, a repeating pattern of streetlights might fill one side of the frame, with an interesting focal point placed along one of the third lines to create visual balance.
4. Create Depth with Patterns
Patterns are great for adding depth to your photographs. When photographing a pattern, try to capture it from different angles, showing the foreground, midground, and background. This approach helps to create a layered effect, where the repetition of the pattern creates a sense of visual depth.
5. Use Macro Photography for Details
In nature photography, macro shots can reveal fascinating patterns that are hidden to the naked eye. Close-ups of flowers, insects, or textures in nature can showcase intricate patterns that add a unique perspective to your photography portfolio.
Enhancing Your Photography with Emphasis: Drawing Attention to the Main Subject
Emphasis in photography is a technique that allows the photographer to direct the viewer's focus to the most important element of the image, telling a clearer and more compelling story. Every photograph has a subject, and by using emphasis, you can ensure that this subject becomes the focal point, creating a stronger visual narrative. This can be achieved through various compositional techniques, including size, placement, color contrast, isolation, and even lighting.
In this article, we’ll explore how to apply emphasis in your photography, discuss its importance, and offer practical tips for using it effectively in your images. By incorporating emphasis into your work, you can enhance the clarity and emotional impact of your photographs, making them more engaging and memorable.
Why is Emphasis Important in Photography?
Every photograph tells a story, and the main subject of that photograph is the key to that story. Whether it’s a landscape, a portrait, or a still life, there’s always something or someone at the heart of the image that communicates its message. Without emphasis, the viewer may feel lost or distracted, unsure of where to focus their attention.
Emphasis helps to make your photographs more powerful by highlighting the main subject and ensuring that it stands out from the background and surrounding elements. It directs the viewer's gaze to where it needs to be, guiding them through the composition and ensuring the image conveys its intended message effectively.
Different Ways to Create Emphasis in Photography
There are several strategies photographers can use to create emphasis in their compositions. These techniques can be applied in various combinations to achieve the desired effect.
1. Size and Placement
One of the simplest ways to create emphasis in a photograph is through the size of the subject. Larger subjects naturally draw more attention, as they dominate the frame. Placing the subject in the center or near the edges of the frame can further enhance its importance.
The rule of thirds is a common compositional technique where the subject is placed off-center along one of the intersecting lines of a divided frame. This can create a balanced yet dynamic composition, with emphasis on the subject while still leaving space to guide the viewer’s eye around the image.
While large objects stand out, even small subjects can be made more prominent by strategically placing them in open or contrasting spaces. A small subject placed in the center of an empty space, for example, will draw the viewer’s eye instantly, making it feel more significant.
2. Color and Contrast
Color plays a significant role in directing attention in a photograph. Bright, vibrant colors naturally attract the viewer’s eye, especially when they stand out against a more neutral or subdued background. For example, a red flower in a sea of green foliage will immediately draw attention to the flower as the focal point.
Contrast is another powerful tool for creating emphasis. High contrast between light and dark elements can make the subject stand out. A dark object against a light background, or vice versa, will create a stark distinction, drawing the viewer's focus toward the contrasting area.
Photographers can also use color contrasts creatively. For instance, warm colors like red and orange tend to grab attention, while cool colors like blue and green can recede into the background. Using these principles, you can control the viewer’s experience by manipulating the colors in your frame.
3. Isolation
Isolation is a technique where the main subject is separated from the surrounding elements, making it the only focus in the image. One effective way to achieve isolation is through the use of shallow depth of field. By blurring the background and foreground, the subject stands out sharply, becoming the only point of visual interest.
Another way to isolate the subject is by framing it with other elements. For example, you could use a doorway, window, or archway to frame the subject, drawing attention directly to it. This technique works especially well in environmental portraits, where the subject is isolated within a larger context, such as a person standing in a room or walking through an open field.
Isolation helps simplify a composition, ensuring that there are no distractions that might pull the viewer’s attention away from the main subject.
4. Lighting and Shadow
Lighting is one of the most crucial aspects of creating emphasis in photography. By controlling the light, you can shape the subject’s appearance and highlight its features, making it the focal point of the image. A well-lit subject will naturally attract attention, while shadows can help guide the eye toward the main subject.
For example, the use of spotlighting or backlighting can create a dramatic effect, making the subject stand out. Soft, diffused light can also be used to highlight the subject while minimizing distracting elements in the background.
In some cases, you can use shadows creatively to emphasize certain parts of the subject. For example, a shadow cast across a face can draw attention to a specific feature, like the eyes or cheekbones, further emphasizing the subject's presence in the frame.
5. Framing and Perspective
Using framing techniques can also help draw attention to the subject. Framing involves surrounding the subject with elements such as trees, doorways, or windows. This natural frame helps direct the viewer's gaze toward the subject in the center, emphasizing its importance.
Perspective is another technique to create emphasis. By changing your shooting angle, you can highlight the subject in a way that makes it more dominant. Shooting from above can make the subject appear smaller, while shooting from below can make it appear more imposing.
The perspective you choose can create an emotional connection with the viewer. For example, shooting a person from eye level can create a sense of intimacy, while shooting from a low angle can make the subject appear powerful or heroic.
Putting It All Together: Combining Emphasis Techniques
To effectively create emphasis in your photographs, consider combining several techniques to reinforce the focus on the main subject. For example, you might isolate the subject using shallow depth of field, highlight it with dramatic lighting, and place it strategically in the center of the frame or along the rule of thirds.
The key to successful emphasis is to ensure that all elements in the image serve the purpose of drawing the viewer's attention to the subject. Whether you're working with color, contrast, size, placement, or isolation, your goal is to create a strong focal point that communicates the story of the photo.
5. Using Contrast to Add Impact
Contrast in photography refers to the difference between two or more elements. These elements can be light and dark, warm and cool colors, or even textures. Contrast adds depth, variety, and visual interest to an image.
Contrast can be used in various ways:
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Light vs. Dark: The contrast between light and dark areas in a photo can create a sense of drama and depth. For example, dramatic lighting in portraiture or landscape shots often uses strong contrasts to highlight textures and shapes.
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Textures and Patterns: Juxtaposing smooth textures with rough or textured surfaces creates a tactile contrast. The variety in textures adds a layer of complexity to the image.
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Color Contrast: Using complementary colors (colors opposite each other on the color wheel) or contrasting colors, like red and green, can create visual tension and draw attention to specific elements in the image.
By using contrast effectively, you can create images that are visually dynamic and emotionally impactful.
6. Achieving Unity in Your Photographs
Unity refers to the sense of cohesion and consistency in a photograph. A well-unified image feels harmonious, where all the elements work together to communicate a single message or emotion. Unity can be achieved by:
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Using Similar Colors and Tones: When colors in an image match or complement each other, it helps tie the composition together. Warm colors, for example, create a sense of warmth and intimacy.
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Repeating Themes or Elements: By repeating shapes, colors, or textures, you can create a visual connection between different parts of the image, enhancing unity.
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Simplifying the Composition: Removing unnecessary distractions and focusing on a few key elements allows the image to maintain a sense of unity and clarity.
Unity in a photograph creates a sense of completeness, making the image feel balanced and intentional.
7. Creating Movement in Your Photography
Movement in photography refers to how the viewer’s eye travels through the composition. Movement can be guided by lines, shapes, and the arrangement of elements within the frame. You can also introduce actual movement, such as a subject in motion, or simulate movement through techniques like long exposure.
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Guiding Lines: Lines are powerful tools in photography that guide the viewer’s eye through the image. Roads, rivers, or even fences can lead the viewer's gaze across the composition, creating a sense of movement.
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Shutter Speed and Motion Blur: Motion blur can capture the physical movement of a subject, such as a car driving or waves crashing against rocks. This adds dynamism and action to the image.
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Implied Movement: Even in still photography, you can create the sense of motion by arranging elements in a way that suggests movement, such as a runner caught mid-step or a flowing river.
By using movement effectively, you can create photographs that feel alive and in motion, drawing the viewer deeper into the scene.
Conclusion: Enhancing Your Photography with the Principles of Art and Design
Mastering the seven principles of art and design—balance, rhythm, pattern, emphasis, contrast, unity, and movement—can elevate your photography and give you greater control over the visual impact of your images. These principles provide structure, depth, and interest to your compositions, allowing you to communicate your creative vision more effectively.
By understanding how to use these principles, you can create photos that are not only technically proficient but also emotionally resonant and visually engaging. Experimenting with these concepts will help you refine your photographic style, pushing you to think more critically about your compositions and to develop a unique visual language that resonates with your audience.
As you practice applying these principles, you’ll find yourself creating more compelling and powerful images that stand out from the crowd. So, the next time you pick up your camera, keep these principles in mind and let them guide your creative process.
